For detailed specifics into the field,
PMI documents their standard in a book called
PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge). You can purchase the book or become a member, which will give you a free e-book (encrypted PDF). The version I acquired from membership is 4th edition.
In here, it states that a project is defined as a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. Project management is defined as the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.
They have 5 knowledge areas:
- Project Integration Management,
- Project Scope Management,
- Project Time Management,
- Project Cost Management,
- Project Quality Management,
- Project Human Resource Management,
- Project Communications Management,
- Project Risk Management, and
- Project Procurement Management.